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Termites are less likely to be attacked by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, as they are usually well protected in their own mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by many different parasites. Some of these include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a high number of nematode parasites. Most nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.

M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only occurs when a colony is under great anxiety. .

Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131

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Since the worker and soldier castes lack wings and thus never flyand also the reproductives use their wings for just a brief amount of time, termites predominantly rely upon their legs to move about.

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Foraging behaviour depends on the form of termite. For example, certain species feed on the wood structures they inhabit, and others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most workers are rarely found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.

When they find a food source, they communicate to other soldiers and a small force of workers starts to emerge. In the second phase, workers appear in large numbers at the site. The next phase is marked by a decrease in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of workers.136 Isolated researchers may engage in Lvy flight behaviour within an optimised strategy for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.

Competition between two colonies always ends in agonistic behavior towards each other, resulting in struggles. These struggles can cause mortality on both sides and, in some situations, the gain or reduction of territory.138139"Cemetery pits" may be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140

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Studies indicate that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, some of the termites intentionally block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from other colonies found in exploratory tunnels contributes to the isolation of the region and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two opponents does not necessarily occur.

Since C. formosanus colonies may get into physical conflict, a few termites squeeze closely into foraging tunnels and perish, effectively blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic activities.144.

Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with one another to be the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This battle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, with all the king, takes over the colony.145

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Ants and termites may compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites normally have a negative effect on arboreal nesting species.146

Most termites are blind, so communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These methods of communication are employed in an assortment of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is through antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (that are transmitted when have a peek here workers are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alert, trail and sex pheromones.

Route pheromones are secreted from the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from 2 glandular resources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites go out to search for food, they forage in columns along the ground through vegetation. A path can be identified from the faecal deposits or runways which are covered by objects.

When termites construct their neststhey use predominantly indirect communication. No single termite are in charge of any specific construction project. Individual termites respond rather than think, but in a set level, they display a type of collective cognition. Specific structures or other objects such as pellets of columns or soil cause termites to begin building.

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The result is a self-organised process whereby the information that directs termite activity results from changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.

Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alert communication to http://innovativepestcontroladelaide.com.au/ defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be released when the nest has been broken or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

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